The word authority derives from the Greek word authoritatus. This word was considered so spiritual as to not be translatable. It meant something to the effect of proof by reason that was binding and compelling for those that heard it. It was not rooted in the subjective. It was not grounded in military might.
The authority does not have the ability to create the law but to interpret the law and dispense it. This philosophy is echoed later in the writings of Edward Coke.
Prohibitions del Roi (1607) published posthumously, these detail his discussion with the King in which he (briefly) convinced a reluctant James that the law is based on “artificial reason” and must be left to lawyers to decide, rather than to the monarch. Coke famously describes the function of judges as being “not to make but to declare the law, according to the golden mete-wand of the law and not by the crooked cord of discretion.”
People that elevated themselves to a legal relationship stepped into the light of authority promising to be bound by reason.
Augustus chose this name because it was the name of the priest of the cult of Jupiter, the augures. It meant that the authority has been chosen and blessed by Jupiter maximus optimus. He rejected the name Romulus which would have reminded the Romans of the first king of Rome.
The concept conveyed was that the ruler was a citizen like any other, answerable to the law and excelled others only in responsibility.
If an emissary was traveling to a foreign land the Sword of Jupiter was brought from the grove of the Augur to bless him, so that he might be under the protection of Jove. The Augur was a priest king, and peace was a religious task. It was probably the influence of Cicero that influenced Augustus in determining legitimacy.
There was a separation of powers between Jupiter and mars. If the Caesar left the city in command of the military he lost that authority as he entered the city. “Sedante ame toge.” means something to the effect of “the armor must yield to the toga,” which is why the official political garb was a toga in which it is almost impossible to act aggressively in.
In art the Caesar is shown worshiping the gods peacefully, while in Egypt the king is shown smiting the enemy as also in Persia.
the function of the judge is not to make the law but to declare it.
THESE ARE MY THOUGHT ON THE SUBJECT:
One thing this made me think is that perhaps king Arthur was an attempt to pass on the concept of the augurs, true authority. If this is the case the use of the word king is antithetical to authority.
Secondly, this is further evidence of a Hebrew influence on Greece and Rome, it was in qabalah and the sephyr yetzirah that the functions of geburah, and chesed were separated, geburah ruled by Mars reminding us of David and Jupiter ruling Solomon’s sign that of the peace king. Jupiter also being synonymous with justice.
It is no secret that some historians think the christian god Jehovah is a representative of Jupiter.
wikipedia:
“In Roman mythology, Jupiter or Jove was the king of the gods, and the god of sky and thunder. He is the equivalent of Zeus in the Greek pantheon. He was called Iuppiter (or Diespiter) Optimus Maximus (“Father God the Best and Greatest”); as the patron deity of the Roman state, he ruled over laws and social order.”
which would be interesting if it were the case because this god has a long history going all the way back to Alexander the Great, and Zeus-ammon, who was the combination of the Egyptian god Ammon and the Greek god. Our cornucopia is a direct manifestation of Zeus-ammon, the horn-of-plenty of a god that had no horns.
Related articles
- Roman Gods: Jupiter (history.answers.com)
- The Effects of Mythology on the Ancient Roman Culture (hsusgov.wordpress.com)
- My Father is Jupiter (gnosticwarrior.com)
- Praxis, Guilty Knowledge (thoughtuncommon.wordpress.com)
- The Alchemical Marriage of Shivastus Solomonicus (thoughtuncommon.wordpress.com)
Shivastus Solomonicus 